Description:
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Parameter binding in WHERE condition does not work if a function is used. Seems like a old bug so OS, PHP and PDO_INFORMIX versions should not matter too much. Did the latest test with php:8.0.6-fpm Docker image and PDO_INFORMIX version 1.3.4.

Brought it up on SO initially: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/66867226/php-pdo-parameter-binding-with-upper-and-lower-functions-in-informix-sql-where-c

Test script:
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$pdo = new PDO();
$string = 'TEST';
$search_string = $string . '%';
$sql = 'SELECT * FROM companies WHERE UPPER(name) LIKE ? LIMIT 1';
$query = $pdo->prepare($sql);
$query->execute([$search_string]);
$result = $query->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
print_r($result);

Expected result:
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No errors

Actual result:
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Fatal error: Uncaught PDOException: SQLSTATE[HY004]: Invalid SQL data type: -11064 [Informix][Informix ODBC Driver]SQL data type out of range.