I've attempted to repro the problem with a minimal script, and so far, have been unable to repro the issue.  With both WinCache enabled or disabled, the scripts below succeed

Steps:
1. ren_foobar.php
2. read_tmp_simple.php
3. [repeat 1 & 2 ad infinitum]

Scripts used to try and repro the problem:
[ren_foobar.php]
<?php

$base_dir = sys_get_temp_dir() . '/banana';

if (!file_exists($base_dir))
{
    echo "Creating directory: " . $base_dir . " ...";

    mkdir($base_dir);
    mkdir($base_dir . '/foo');

    echo "Creating content...";
    file_put_contents($base_dir . "/foo/zz.txt", "Example Text");
    file_put_contents($base_dir . "/xx.txt", "Hello world!");
}

echo "Renaming directory...";

if (file_exists($base_dir . "/foo"))
{
    echo " /foo ";
    var_dump(rename($base_dir . "/foo", $base_dir ."/bar"));
} 
else if (file_exists($base_dir . "/bar"))
{
    echo " /bar ";
    var_dump(rename($base_dir . "/bar", $base_dir ."/foo"));
}

echo "Renaming file...";

if (file_exists($base_dir . "/xx.txt"))
{
    echo " xx.txt -> yy.txt ";
    var_dump(rename($base_dir . "/xx.txt", $base_dir . "/yy.txt"));
}
else if (file_exists($base_dir . "/yy.txt"))
{
    echo " yy.txt -> xx.txt ";
    var_dump(rename($base_dir . "/yy.txt", $base_dir . "/xx.txt"));
}

?>

[read_tmp_simple.php]
<?php

$base_dir = sys_get_temp_dir() . '/banana';

echo "Getting zz.txt.php...";

if (file_exists($base_dir . "/foo"))
{
    echo $base_dir . "/foo";
    var_dump(file_get_contents($base_dir . "/foo/zz.txt"));
} 
else if (file_exists($base_dir . "/bar"))
{
    echo $base_dir . "/bar";
    var_dump(file_get_contents($base_dir . "/bar/zz.txt"));
}


if (file_exists($base_dir . "/xx.txt"))
{
    echo "Getting xx.txt...";
    var_dump(file_get_contents($base_dir . "/xx.txt"));
}
else if (file_exists($base_dir . "/yy.txt"))
{
    echo "Getting yy.txt...";
    var_dump(file_get_contents($base_dir . "/yy.txt"));
}

?>

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