It would help both you and us if you provided an actual working reproduce script.  It would help you catch obvious mistakes like the fact that you forgot the xsl namespace on the for-each tags there.

I wrote a script to see if I could reproduce your problem:

<?php
$xml = <<<EOB
<root>
  <a>1</a>
  <b>2</b>
</root>
EOB;
$xsl = <<<EOB
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" 
              xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
                  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/strict">
<xsl:template match="/">
<script type="text/javascript">
<xsl:for-each select="/root/*">
  SomeHash.set('<xsl:value-of select="name()" />', <xsl:value-of select="." />);
</xsl:for-each>
</script>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
EOB;
$x = DOMDocument::loadXML($xml);

$xslt = new XSLTProcessor();
$s = new DOMDocument();
$s->loadXML($xsl, LIBXML_NOCDATA);
$xslt->importStylesheet($s);
echo $xslt->transformToXML($x); 

And the output of this script for me is:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<script xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/strict" type="text/javascript">
  SomeHash.set('a', 1);

  SomeHash.set('b', 2);
</script>

which seems correct.  Can you verify that you get the same output?

No feedback was provided for this bug for over a week, so it is
being suspended automatically. If you are able to provide the
information that was originally requested, please do so and change
the status of the bug back to "Open".