Description:
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The function odbc_stmt_param_hook() in pdo_odbc\odbc_stmt.c does not use the data_type parameter correctly if the call to SQLDescribeParam()does not succeed.
Instead of converting in this case the data_type parameter from PDO:PARAM_* to the matching SQL type, it sets in most cases the SQL type to SQL_LONGVARCHAR.

Remark: The data_type parameter should IMHO have absolute priority over SQLDescribeParam(). In effect, if the data_type parameter is specified, than there is no point in even calling SQLDescribeParam(). Especially since the ODBC database server may not be able to assign a correct data-type to the place-holder ('?').

Reproduce code:
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gDBObject = new PDO('odbc:DATABASE', '', '');
$x = 1;
$lvStmt = $gDBObject->prepare('SELECT col1 FROM Table WHERE col2 = ?');
$lvStmt->bindValue(1,$x, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$lvStmt->execute();

But you do need to use an ODBC database that will not return in this case a SQL_SUCCESS return-value for SQLDescribeParam() !

Expected result:
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I would expect the following request to be sent to the ODBC database server:
SELECT col1 FROM Table WHERE col2 = 1

Actual result:
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The following request is sent to the ODBC database server:
SELECT col1 FROM Table WHERE col2 = '1'

which is a syntax error, since col2 is integer.