Description:
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I have php running as a fastcgi in a chroot jail. 
The path to document root in the jail is different from the path outside the jail so I've used the 'doc_root' directive in php.ini so that php can find the php script.
PHP finds and runs the php script fine but always returns a status coded of 404 not found.

I've done an strace and verified the problem occurs in php(5.2.0-8+etch1) not mod_fastcgi or apache. 

Sorry I haven't downloaded a later version, company policy is to only use prebuilt stable packages :-(. I've verified the bug in 5.2.0.

Looking at http://lxr.php.net/source/php-src/sapi/cgi/cgi_main.c /* $Id: cgi_main.c,v 1.320 2007/04/17 20:01:22 sniper Exp $ */ it looks like the problem may be:
line 867: if (!ptr) {
     ...
line 887:   SG(sapi_headers).http_response_code = 404;

The preceeding 100 or so lines do some pretty knarly stuff changing ptr and scanning through possible strings of SCRIPT_PATH_TRANSLATED.

Workaround is:
header("HTTP/1.0 200");
in php prepend file.